Dressing composition



Patented ct. 15, 1935.

nto STATES 2,011,242 DRESSING COMPOSITION Henry Hans Freund, Clifl'side, N. J., assignmto Du Pont Rayon Company, New York, N. 1., a corporation of Delaware I No Drawings.

pplication June 1, 1932, erial No. 614,841

20 Claims. (Cl. 1341$) This invention relates to oil compositions for dressing and softening threads, particularly artificial threads, such as threads of regenerated cellulose, cellulose derivatives and the like.

Artificial threads produced from viscose are inherently wiry, harsh and non-pliable. Consequently, before they can be fabricated they must be treated with a, softening and/or lubricating agent, referred to hereinafter simply as a softening agent, which it will be understood means a softening and/or lubricating agent.

Prior to the instant invention, the softening agent most commonly employed for dressing the artificial threads consisted of a vegetable oil of which olive oil is the best known and most widely used. These vegetable oils were expensive and, moreover, had the tendency to oxidize with time and become rancid, with the consequence that the yarn containing the same became degraded and often unfit for 1156.

Mineral oil alone softened the yarn to such a slight degree that it was unsuitable as a dressing when used alone. However, it was generally used in conjunction with vegetable oils to reduce the resultant viscosity and cost of the dressing composition. Even when a combination of vegetable oil and mineral oil was used, the composition was still rather expensive. The proportions of the ingredients of the oil composition in order to minimize the expense were such that the composition merely imparted the minimum necessary softening efiects on the yarn.

The aforementioned dressing composition was applied either continuously or intermittently to the yarn and usually while the yarn was being wound into a package, such as a cone. In that procedure where a continuous application was involved, it was the practice to utilize a composition containing a vegetable oil and a mineral oil, for example, 40 parts of vegetable oil, such as olive oil, and parts of mineral oil, such as one having a Saybolt) viscosity of -120 seconds. In that procedure wherein the composition was intermittently applied, it was advantageous to include in the composition a certain amount of a distributing oil, such as kerosene oil. The latter tended to make the dressing uniform on the yarn by a wicking action in the stored package. It, however, reduced the soft ining qualities of the other oils present so that 'Mineral oil (viscosity 80-120 seconds Saybolt) 40 v Olive oil Kerosene V 15 I have found that by incorporating a phosphatide, such as lecithin, in a dressing composition, such as a coning oil, I can considerably reduce the proportions of vegetable oil and also the distributing oil, when the latter is used, and 15 increase the proportion of mineral oil without seriously impairing the softening or other desir- V able qualities of the composition, and, furthermore, minimize the oxidation of the vegetable oil.

-It is therefore an object of this invention to provide a dressing composition particularly suitable for artificial thread and containing a phos phatide, such as lecithin, wherein, by virtue of the said phosphatide, the quantity of vegetable oil is materially less and the quantity of mineral 25 oil. substantially greater than the respective quantities thereof previously used without destroying or seriously impairing any of the desired properties of the composition.

Another object of this invention is to provide a dressing composition suitable for use as a coning composition comprising a mineral oil and a vegetable oil with or without a distributing oil, such as kerosene, and wherein the quantity of mineral oil is greater than that which has been 5 previously used and the quantity of vegetable oil and kerosene, when the latter is used, is less than previously employed.

A further object of this invention is to provide yarn or thread, specifically artificial thread, such 40 as that formed of regenerated cellulose, cellulose derivatives, etc., dressed with a coning composition comprising a. mineral oil, a vegetable oil and lecithin with or without a distributing agent.

Additional objects will appear from the fol- 45 lowing description and appended claims.

'Phosphatides are widely distributed in the animal and vegetable kingdoms and are present in the seeds of cereals; in many plants, in the brain, in the blood and in the yolks of eggs. In 50 on the source thereof. They are usually waxlike, reddish-yellow masses soluble in most organic solvents. In alcohol they give a characteristic precipitate upon the addition of cadmium or platinum chloride- A In accordance with the instant invention,

*phosphatides derived from any convenient source are incorporated in a dressing composition comprising a mineral oil and a vegetable oil, with or without a distributing oil, depending on whether the composition is to be applied continuously or intermittently on to the yarn. As above explained, where the dressing is applied intermit-- tently the distribution of the oil is eifected by the wicking action in the stored package.

I have found, and this is one of the essential features of the instant invention, that when a phosphatide, such as lecithin,is incorporated in oil compositions of the general type just mentioned the quantity of vegetable oil and the quantity of distributing oil when used may be considerably reduced and the quantity of the mineral oil may be substantially increased without in any way impairing the desirable characteristics of the composition. In other words, by incorporating a phosphatide, such as lecithin, the amount of vegetable oil-relative to the amount of mineral oil ismaterially reduced. As a result of this, the cost of the composition is very materially reduced. In addition to this highly desirable feature, the phosphatide acts as. an anti-oxidant with the result that the compositions of the instant invention do, not become rancid as soon as the compositions previously used, and the yarn dressed therewith does not become unfit for use.

The quantity of phosphatide which may be added may vary within wide limits. In general, it will depend upon the constituents of the dressing composition. When a phosphatide is used in amounts from 0.1% to, 3.0% or even more, satisfactory results are secured.

In order to more fully explain the invention, it will be described in connection with those types of dressing compositions previously mentioned. It is, however, to be understood that the invention is not restricted thereto.

Referring now to the composition which is used for continuous application and which comprises 60 parts of mineral ofl and 40 parts of vegetable oil, I have found that if 2 parts of lecithin are added to a composition containing these two ingredients the mineraloil content thereof can be increased up to 83 parts and the 1 vegetable oil reduced to 15 parts. In a composition intended for intermittent application and which in one form comprises 40 parts of mineral oil, 45 parts of vegetable oil and 15 ,parts of kerosene, I have found that by adding 2 parts of lecithin to a composition containing these three ingredients the mineral oilcan be increased to 75 parts by weight, the vegetable oil reduced to 20 parts by weight and the kerosene reduced to 3 parts by weight.

From the foregoing, it is obvious that lecithin in compositions intended for continuous application permits the use of a small quantity of the textile softening compound in relation to theviscosity-reducing agent. In compositions intended for intermittent application. lecithin not only functions as in dressing compositions for continuous use but also permits the use of a relatively small amount of distributing medium. As apparent from the previous example, in compositions intended for intermittent application 5 the viscosity-reducing agent is present in a major proportion of the compositions.

The lecithin may be incorporated in the composition at any stage in the preparation thereof as desired. 10

It is to be understood that although olive ,oil has been mentioned as the specific vegetable oil the invention is not restricted thereto, and that the term vegetable oil is intended to include not onlyolive oil but also cottonseed oil, castor 15 oil, palm oil, cocoanut oil, etc., either in the form of oil or in the form of sulphonated oils. In some cases. animal oils, such as neats-foot oil or lard oil, may be used to advantage. Likewise, the

' invention is not restricted to mineral oils since 20 any agent providing the desired viscosity may be used.

In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the composition is applied to the yarn while it is being wound into suitable packages, such as 25 cones. Where the dressing composition is to be continuously applied, any of the well-known mechanical devices may be used to secure the desired results. When the dressing composition is to be applied intermittently, the apparatus dis- 3 closed in United States Patent 1,767,203 may be utilized.

In addition to the previously mentioned advantages, the instant invention produces a dressed yarn which can be knitted with 20% fewer breaks than the same yarn treated with the composition in which lecithin or phosphatide is omitted. A better formation of loops in knitted goods is provided. Moreover, when the yarn is boiled off, there is a uniform and more nearly 40 complete removal of composition than has hitherto been obtained.

Since it is 'obvious that various modifications may be made in the specific details above described, the invention is not restricted thereto except as defined in the appended claims.

I claim:

1. A non-aqueous composition for dressing artificial threads comprising a viscosity-reducing agent. a textile softening compound and a phosphatide, the latter permitting the use of a small quantity of softening compound in relation to the viscosity-reducing agent.

2. A non-aqueous composition for dressing artificial threads comprising mineral oil, an oil of the class which consists of animal and vegetable oils and a phosphatide, the latter permitting the use of a small quantity of the secondmentioned oil in relation to said mineral oil.

3. A non-aqueous composition for dressing 50 artificial threads comprising a viscosity-reducing agent, a textile softening compound, a distributing medium and a phosphatide, the latter permitting the use of a major proportion of the viscosity-reducing agent in the composition.

4. A non-aqueous composition for dressing artificial threads comprising a mineral oil, an oil of the class which consists of vegetable and animal oils, 2. distributing medium and a phosphatide, the latter permitting the use of a major proportion of the mineral oil in the composition.

5. A non-aqueous composition for dressing artificial threads comprising a viscosity-reducing phatide, the latter permitting the use of a small quantity oi softening compound in relation to the viscosity-reducing agent and being present in an amount of from 0.1% to 3.0% by weight of the composition.

6. A non-aqueous compositionfor dressing artificial threads comprising mineral oil, an oil of the class which consists of animal and vegetable oils and a phosphatide, the latter permitting the use of a small quantity of the secondmentioned oil in relation to said mineral oil and being present in an amount of from 0.1% to 3.0% by weight of the composition.

'7. A non-aqueous composition for dressing artificial threads comprising a mineral oil having a viscosity of from 80 to 120 seconds Saybolt, a textile softening compound, kerosene and a phosphatide, the latter permitting the use of a major proportion of the viscosity-reducing agent in the composition and being present in an amount of from 0.1% to 3.0% by weight of the composition.

8. A non-aqueous composition for dressing artificial threads comprising a mineral oil, an oil of the class which consists of vegetable and animal oils, kerosene and a phosphatide, the latter permitting the use of a major proportion of the mineral oil in the composition and being present in an amount of from 0.1% to 3.0% by weight of the composition.

9. A non-aqueous composition for dressing.

artificial thread containing more than 60% by weight of a viscosity-reducing agent, less than 40% by weight of a textile softening compound and from 0.1% to 3.0% by weight of a phosphatide.

10. A non-aqueous composition for dressing artificial thread containing more than 60% by weight of mineral oil, less than 40% by weight of a vegetable oil and from 0.1% to 3.0% by weight of a phosphatide.

11. A non-aqueous composition for dressing artificial thread containing more than 60% by weight of a viscosity-reducing agent, less than 40% by weight of a textile softening compound, less than 15% by weight of a distributing agent and from 0.1% to 3.0% by weight of a phosphatide.

12. A non-aqueous composition for dressing artificial thread containing more than 60% by weight of mineral oil, less than 40% by weight of a vegetable oil, less than 15% by weight of a distributing agent and from 0.1% to 3.0% by weight of a phosphatide.

13. A composition for dressing artificial thread consisting of approximately 15 parts by weight of a textile softening compound, approximately 5 83 parts by weight of a viscosity-reducing agent and approximately 2 parts by weight of a phosphatide.

14. A composition for dressing artificial thread consisting of approximately 20 parts by weight of a textile softening compound, approximately 75 parts by weight of a viscosity-reducing agent, approximately 3 parts by weight of a distributing medium and approximately 2 parts by weight of a phosphatide.

15. A composition for dressing artificial thread consisting of approximately parts by weight of olive oil, approximately 83 parts by weight of mineral oil, and approximately 2 parts by weight of lecithin.

V16. A composition for dressing artificial thread consisting of approximately 20 parts by weight of olive oil, approximately 75 parts by weight of mineral oil, approximately 3 parts by weight of kerosene and approximately 2 parts by weight of lecithin.

17. A non-aqueous composition for dressing artificial threads comprising a mineral oil, a textile softening compound and a. phosphatide, the latter permitting the use of a small quantity of softening compound in relation to the 1m" zral oil.

18. A non-aqueous composition for dressing artificial threads comprising a mineral oil, a textile softening compound, kerosene and a phosphatide, the latter permitting the use of a major proportion of the mineral oil in the composition.

19. A non-aqueous composition for dressing artificial threads comprising a mineral oil, a textile softening compound and a phosphatide, the latter permitting the use of a small quantity of softening compound in relation to the mineral oil and being present in an amount of from 0.1% to 3.0% by weight of the composition.

20. A non-aqueous composition for dressing artificial thread containing more than 60% by weight of a mineral oil, less than 40% by weight of a textile softening compound and from 0.1% to 3.0% by weight of a phosphatide.

HENRY HANS FREUND. 

